History

week1

     Hello!
     I will tell you about history of Japanese houses.
　  In prehistric age (from the Jomon period to the Kofun period), there was a pit dwelling, a flat-land dwelling and a raised flooring type house.  A pit dwelling (tateanajyukyo) existed since the Jomon period and in Edo period, a small number of people lived in it. A pit dwelling had a square shape and a circle shape. A pit dwelling is built by digging up the ground. It is that because the rate at which heat is transferred in the ground, so I was able to stay cool in summer and warm in winter, and that because a pit dwelling is low and you are able to build a pit dwelling with less material, so it is easy to build a pit dwelling. A flat-land dwelling (heichijyukyo) existed since the late Jomon period. Unlike a pit dwelling, A floor of a flat-land dwelling is the same height of the ground. This is the appearance of the Japanese floor, which is the same height of an earth floor. A raised flooring type house (takayukajyukyo) existed since the Yayoi period. The rice was transmitted from the continent in the Yayoi period and then people made a raised flooring type house in order to store the grain harvest. The underfloor of a raised flooring type house is wellhole and a raised flooring type house is enhanced breathability in order to prevent moisture. This is a architectural technique to consider the climate of Japan. The idea of a raised flooring type house has been taking advantage of that there is underfloor in a house of modern Japan. European house with low humidity is not like this idea of ​​underfloor.

     In ancient times (from the Asuka period to the Heian period), a pit dwelling changes into a main building in a Heian palace, and a prototype and a basic type of the manner of the Heian period palatial architecture appeared. The manner of the Heian period palatial architecture is the form of the residence of the Emperor and noble, which was completed during the Heian period. The manner of the Heian period palatial architecture has a sleeping space closed and a day space opened, and the former is called "Yon no Otodo" and the latter is called "Hi no Omashi".
     In the Middle Ages (from the Heian period to the Kamakura period), the manner of the Heian period palatial architecture was developed. It changed to asymmetrical from symmetrical arrangement of building. This was a change due to an emphasis on the functionality and a change due to reduction in the size of housing and simplification in the form of housing which caused by the financial deterioration. In addition, a palace called "small Shinden" appeared. "Small Shinden" was built far from the palace group centered on the Shinden because it had the property of ensuring private space.
     In modern times (from the Muromachi period to the Edo period), the traditional style of Japanese residential architecture appeared. It has square pillars, sliding doors, akarisyoji, shutters, and tatami, and has become the basis of modern Japanese architecture.

     Through a history like this, Japanese houses have been developed.